[ToDo] [MAS S67] The Great Problems

Dated Feb 1, 2021; last modified on Fri, 24 Nov 2023

The Great Problems. Kevin M. Esvelt; Rosalind Picard; Neil Buddy Shah; Amy Smith; Anne White; Kai Steinmetz; David Keith; Toby Ord; Megan Palmer. MIT. canvas.mit.edu . 2021.

Introduction: Triumphs and Tragedies

Great Problem: Mental Health

  • Finland is the happiest country in the world, and the Finns aren’t happy about it.
  • Burden of Depressive Disorders by Country, Sex, Age and Year
  • Development, Freedom, and Rising Happines: A Global Perspective (1981 - 2007)
  • How to Be Happy
  • A Nihilist’s Guide to Meaning
  • How Bad Are Things?

Technological Trajectories

  • The Doctor Who Championed Hand-Washing and Briefly Saved Lives
  • Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch
  • Leaded Gas Was a Known Poison the Day It Was Invented
  • Why Your Car Isn’t Electric
  • The Alchemy of Air

Great Problem: Global Health and Development

  • How To Measure Anything
  • Moral Weights
  • The Man Who Helped Feed the world
  • Categorizing Variants of Goodhart’s Law
  • The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Predicting the Future

  • Timid Choices and Bold Forecasts
  • What May Happen in the Next Hundred Years
  • Visit to the World’s Fair of 2014
  • Superforrcasting

Great Problem: Inequality

  • ✅ Letter from Birmingham Jail ( notes ).
  • ✅ Your Ancestors, Your Fate ( notes ).
  • ✅ How Poverty Ends ( notes ).
  • ✅ Trials and Tribulations ( notes ).
  • ✅ The Only Thing That’s Curbed Inequality: Catastrophe ( notes ).
  • Why Nations Fail
  • Institutions Rule
  • The Great Leveler

Great Problem: Energy

  • UN Human Development Reports and Energy Metrics
  • Oil Conflict, and US National Interests
  • Energy (Our World in Data)
  • Energy and Civilization
  • The Kardsshev Scale

Incentives and Biases

  • Cognitive Bias Cheat Sheet
  • 50 Cognitive Biases in the Modern World
  • Posters and Card Decks on Fallacies and Biases
  • Tools and Mini-Courses
  • Effective Choice in Prisoner’s Dilemma
  • The Elephant in the Brain
  • Is Tit-for-Tat the Answer?
  • Thinking from A to Z

Great Problem: Cooperation

  • Moral Tribes
  • Game Theory Calls Cooperation into Question
  • The Moral Machine Experiment
  • Spontaneous Giving and Calculated Greed
  • From Extortion to Generosity: Evolution in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma
  • Why Can’t We All Just Get Along?

What About Non-Humans?

  • All Animals are Equal
  • The Lifecycle of Software Objects

Great Problem: Animal Well-Being

  • Cellular Agriculture: The Future of Food
  • The Backlash Against Impossible and Beyond Meat Burgers Going Mainstream
  • The Humaneness of Rodent Pest Control
  • When Are We Obligated to Edit Wild Creatures?

Great Problem: Climate and Geoengineering

  • Evaluating Climate Geoengineering Proposals in the Context of the Paris Agreement Temperature Goals
  • Marine Cloud Brightening
  • Halving Warming with Idealized Solar Geoengineering Moderates Key Climate Hazards
  • How Green Sand Could Capture Billions of Tons of Carbon Dioxide

Today and Tomorrow

  • Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority
  • The Overwhelming Importance of the Far Future

Great Problem: Physical Catastrophe

  • The Precipice
  • Dr. Strangelove
  • 1983 Soviet Nuclear False Alarm Incident
  • Human Extinction from Natural Hazard Events
  • The Dead Hand

Great Problem: Civilizational Resilience

  • The Precipice, Chapter 7
  • The Fraility of Interdependency
  • Supply Chains and the Corona Virus
  • Manual for Civilization
  • The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization
  • The Collapse of Complex Societies

Potential Game Changer: Reweaving Perception

  • The Thirteenth Floor
  • How to Use the Experience Machine
  • The Brave New World of Wireheading
  • A Nihilist’s Guide to Meaning
  • Permutation City
  • Diaspora

Potential Game Changer: Shaping Future Humans

  • A Proposal to Use Gamete Cycling In Vitro to Improve Crops and Livestock
  • Embryo Selection for Cognitive Enhancement
  • At 71, She’s Never Felt Pain or Anxiety
  • Embryo Selection: Overview of the Major Approaches
  • GATTACA

Great Problem: Exponential Biology

  • Innoculating Science Against Potential Pandemics and Information Hazards
  • The Unilateralist’s Curse
  • The Fall of Rome: And the End of Civilization

Potential Game Changer: Extended Intelligence

  • Phsyical Principles for Scalable Neural Recording
  • This Alien Shore

Great Problem: Artificial General Intelligence

  • Of Myths and Moonshine
  • Human Compatible: AI and the Problem of Control